A compass is a navigational instrument that uses a magnetized needle to point toward the Earth's magnetic north. It is used to determine direction and establish one's spatial orientation anywhere in the world—with the exception of the polar regions, where the convergence of magnetic field lines renders it ineffectiv

Map-reading (baseplate) compass

This is the most highly recommended model for beginners and hikers. Its flat, transparent baseplate allows it to be placed directly onto a map, keeping the trails or topographical features visible underneath. It typically includes integrated rulers and scales for easy distance measurement.

Lensatic (or military-style) compass

Designed for land navigation in challenging terrain and for bushcraft, this type usually features a robust metal casing and is air-filled rather than liquid-filled. It includes a sighting slot and wire, allowing for precise alignment with distant objects and the ability to read bearings without shifting your gaze.

Versatile (mirror-sighting) compass

This is the most precise and comprehensive type, ideal for advanced mountaineering as well as search and rescue operations. It combines the transparent baseplate of a standard map-reading compass with a hinged lid containing a sighting mirror. This mirror is used for accurately aligning with distant landmarks and can also serve to signal for help by reflecting sunlight.